Differences in urine isoprostane levels in the three groups used the Mann-Whitney test. Urine isoprostane levels were measured by the ELISA method using a random urine sample and then corrected with urine creatinine from the same sample. The research subjects were 28 e-cigarrete smokers, 27 conventional smokers, and 14 controls who never smoked. Anamnesis, physical examination, chest X-ray, and complete blood wereĬarried out, followed by urine isoprostane. Method: This research is an observational analytic study conducted in Surabaya. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of oxidative stress between e-cigarette and conventional smokers by measuring the isoprostan level in the two group and comparing them. Isoprostane is a biomarker of oxidative stress, which is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Previously, e-cigarettes were considered safe, but later some studies have reported that e-cigarette can increase oxidative stress and induce an inflammatory response. Background: Smoking is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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